Opinion

Would Bridesmaids make Screen NSW’s cut?

In 2012, Screen NSW will have a new Chief Executive.  Hopefully this will result in some new approaches to the development of screenplays and the funding of films being tried out. Hopefully also NSW filmmakers will contribute their own ideas, at Encore and elsewhere, as to how Screen NSW might better serve both the industry and culture of Australian film. In the interests of debate and and dialogue…

By James Ricketson

On the Screen NSW website is written: “we believe that a strong core story is the key to a project’s success.”  Yes, but that’s the ‘core story’ after it has been through God knows how many drafts over a period, as a rule, of many years. Does Screen NSW think that the ‘core ‘story’ for Bridesmaids was there at the outset, when the idea was conceived in 2006? Or was the ‘core story’ arrived at during the more than 4 years of work on the basic concept – a process that included improvisational ‘workshops’?

From the Screen NSW website again: “…it’s much easier to see what’s working or not working in a core story when it’s in short document form.” This is based on the presumption that a screenwriter’s ‘core story’ is ‘working’ when s/he starts writing. Consider this from Paddy Chayevsky – the only screenwriter to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay – with Marty, The Hospital and Network:

“The best thing that can happen is for the theme to be nice and clear from the beginning. Doesn’t always happen. You think you have a theme and you then start telling the story. Pretty soon the characters take over and the story takes over and you realize your theme isn’t being executed by the story so you start changing the theme.”

And Here’s Ernest Lehman, whose credits include Sound of Music, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf, West Side Story, The King and I, Hello Dolly, and Portnoys Complaint.

“The more the struggle, the better it probably is. The struggle indicates that you are not accepting the first or the second or the third thing that comes to mind at any given moment when you are writing. You are constantly rejecting and trying harder. Once you put the words on paper…even though they are going to be rewritten, the die is cast. It is better that you can hold out, saying to yourself, ‘This isn’t good enough. No, that isn’t good enough’ – keep rejecting, even before you hit the typewriter key or you write on a yellow pad. Once you start putting words down, that means you think the words are almost good enough. The greater the struggle the higher the level of critical faculties at work.”

It is this struggle that is time consuming and which, all too often, screenwriters don’t receive any remuneration for. The idea that a screenwriter knows what is ‘working’ in his or her core story before approaching Early R&D is, I believe, based on a fundamental misconception about the writing process. By the time a screenwriter has figured out how to make his or her core story ‘work’ the writing of the draft is the least time-consuming part of the screenwriting process. Indeed, finding out what ‘works’ and what doesn’t ‘work’ usually occurs during the process of screenwriting – trying this, trying that, exploring exciting possibilities that turn out to be dead ends, rejecting all easy answers and solutions in hopes that a really clever one will eventually emerge; that the Muse will visit. Time consuming work, as any screenwriter will attest. If a screenwriter were to write in his or her notes, “I am considering three different alternatives at this point in the story and it may be that other alternatives will occur to me during the writing process,” Screen NSW would, no doubt, arrive at the conclusion that the screenwriter has not yet figured out what is going to ‘work’ in his or her ‘core idea’. Screen NSW would be right but finding out what is going to work and what is not is an integral part of the screenwriting process. Days and sometimes weeks can go into finding an element in the ‘core story’ that works’ as a link between what has preceded it and where the story is heading. It may be a scene half a page long and seem so obvious to the reader, but the screenwriter may have sweated blood to find it or, as often as not, for the scene to find him or her.

Here is Jean Claude Carriere writing about ‘process’. (Carrier’s screenwriting credits include: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoise, The Tin Drum, The Unbearable Lightness of Being and, in collaboration with Michael Haneke, The White Ribbon.

“The screenplay…goes through a toddling, stammering phase, gradually discovering its strengths and its weaknesses. As it gains confidence it begins to move under its own power. Work on a screenplay often operates in a series of waves. The first waves are exploratory. We open all the doors and we begin to seek, neglecting no path, no blind alley. The imagination launches unbridled into a hunt which can lead it into the vulgar, the absurd, the grotesque, which can even make the imagination forget the theme that is the object of the hunt. Whereupon another wave rears, surging in the opposite direction. This is the backwash, the withdrawal to what is reasonable, essential, to the old question: exactly why are we making this and not some other film? Quite simply, what basically interests us here? This is the moment when we survey the road the characters have travelled, but we also look at verisimilitude, structure, interest, levels of audience understanding. By backtracking, by returning to our original garden, we obviously abandon along the way the majority of our illusory conquests – but not necessarily all of them. We return to scholarly, sometimes commonplace and even pettifogging concerns. They help us take stock. In the heat of the chase we might easily have forgotten to bring along our supplies, our drinking water, our maps. Rare are the authors who can afford, on their own, this balanced and impartial movement between the two zones.”

Carrier is writing about process. Nowhere does he talk of having a ‘core story’ in place before starting the writing process. Unless, of course, what Screen NSW means by ‘core story’ is along the lines of (to use Bridesmaids as an example), “Friends of the bride cause comic mayhem as they get together to plan her wedding.”

The reality, for most screenwriters, is that months and sometimes years of thinking have gone into a project before s/her writes down anything more than a few notes. This is all unpaid work. I doubt that any screenwriter expects to be paid for it but, when he or she finally does write a page or 30 pages, is the notion that s/he must have the core story in place, in sync with the realities of screenwriting? Or is it more likely that what will be in place is a rough story line, a concept to explore, a mood, a genre, a gut-feeling, an image – the nebulous starting points for the adventure that is screenwriting.

How Bridesmaids came into being is instructive, given that the film has taken more than US$270 million at the box office:

Co-writer Annie Mumolo pitched the idea to Universal. Universal said yes. “It was very fast,” says Mulolo. “That part of the process, that initial thing was the quickest part. That was 2006 and now it’s 2011.”  What Mumolo and Wiig (co-writer) had was an idea and faith on the part of a funding body (in this case Universal)  in their ability to develop their germinal idea into a screenplay. Mumolo and Wiig then spent years working on the script. “Getting into the heads,” of each of the characters, is how Mulolo describes it. “We had both been in both positions,” says Mumulo, “so we would sit in the heads of those people, and come from the heart.” It’s a wonderful description of an integral part of the time-consuming process that is screenwriting –sitting in the heads of characters, so that you can write ‘from the heart’. This is a process; an essential process; a time-consuming process. Screen NSW’s belief that this process should occur before making an R&D application belies the very reason why the R&D program was initiated in the first place – to allow screenwriters time to ‘sit in the heads of characters’.

If the idea for Bridesmaids had been presented to Screen NSW rather than Universal, would it have got to square one? Or would it have been knocked back with a form letter because the screenwriters could not, at the time of application, express clearly what the ‘core story’ was?

Do Screen NSW guidelines dictate that only a particular kind of screenplay proposal is likely to emerge from its script development process? The same question applies for Screen Australia. But let’s just say that the screenwriters for an Australian film with the box office potential of Bridesmaids had, three years down the track and using their own financial resources, tried to present Screen NSW with a 6th, 7th or 12th draft. What could or would Screen NSW do? In accordance with its guidelines no-one at Screen NSW would read it. They would, however, read a 30 page treatment of the screenwriters’ 6th, 7th or 12th draft if it were presented to Screen NSW for development consideration. This is what Screen NSW’s new guidelines stipulate. It gets worse. Not only would the screenwriters have to condense their draft into 30 pages of treatment, they would be unable, in their writer’s notes, to make any reference to their 6th, 7th or 12th draft because, as a matter of policy, Screen NSW would not read the draft. It may just be a draft or two away from being a $250 million box office smash but it could not, as a matter of policy, be read by Screen NSW staff.

Whilst the changes Screen NSW has made to its R&D guidelines may make sense from an administrative point of view, do they make sense in terms of the reality of developing screenplays – a process which can take years and up to a dozen drafts before the screenwriter finally comes up with a draft that people read and respond to with, “Wow!”? What Screen NSW wants is for the screenwriter to come up with this “Wow!” document after two passes. It doesn’t work that way. Not often, anyway. Chances are that the interim drafts before the “wow” draft will have been self-funded. This can be frustrating for a screenwriter (and difficult on his/her bank account) but it is not necessarily the end of the world. It is passion not income that drives most of us to write screenplays. It would be nice, though, if, having written these many drafts on spec, there were not guidelines in place to guarantee that no-one at Screen NSW will read them.

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